History of the Balloon - From Hydrogen to Helium

In the early 1900s, Professor Michael Faraday in hisby the scientific and military communities, who -prior
laboratory of the Royal Institution in London,to the First World War- started using these balloons
experimented with rubber balloons he had madeas probes to formulate the ascension and flight of
himself out of caoutchouc (Latex) sheets. He inflatedmuch larger balloons, ending with the construction of
them with Hydrogen gas and was elated with thethe giant Zeppelins. The research and information
results, which he documented thoroughly. He wrote incollected was very useful.
his scientific journal: "The caoutchouc is exceedinglyThe probes were used to measure the air currents
elastic. Bags made of it...have been expanded byover the earth and calculate the altitude that the
having air forced into them until the caoutchouc wasbigger balloons --and later the airplanes-- could fly
quite transparent.." and later on, "When expanded byagainst the wind. All this experimentation assisted to
Hydrogen, the rubber bags were so light as to formdevelop the future speed of the early aviation.
balloons with considerable ascending power.."Hydrogen being quite volatile, easily explodes if close
In the following years toy balloons became a motiveenough to a source of fire. Some serious accidents
of merriment and entertainment for children andhappened when randomly floating Hydrogen-filled
adults alike. Therefore, wholesale balloons wereballoons collided with fire sources and exploded. The
manufactured and used in birthday parties,fire department of NY City was concerned and in
celebrations, political and commercial campaigns, etc.1914 proposed banning the use of Hydrogen in toy
Filling the balloons with Hydrogen gas, caused themballoons. It was not until 1922 that its use was
to be buoyant and able to rise quite high and beofficially banned, after some prankster caused the
driven far away with the winds. Races and contestsexplosion of balloon decorations during a City Function
developed nation-wide and amazing stories are told,and an officer was badly burned.
like that of a man releasing a balloon with his nameThough hydrogen had one tenth more lifting power
from the USA that got picked up by a fisherman inthan any other gas, because of its danger, had to be
Singapore. Or a Mickey Mouse --shaped balloon thatreplaced by the much safer gas Helium. Today,
startled a group of natives in Africa.Helium balloons are the party balloons most sold
Extensive research to explore the potential was doneworldwide.