The Scarlet Letter and Symbolism

The Scarlet Letter is a novel with much symbolism.connection with others (Peckham 92). Pearl brings him
Throughout the novel several characters representguilt when he would not stand with them on the
other ideas. One of the most complex andscaffold; "Thou was not bold! - thou wast not true! ...
misunderstood characters in the novel is Pearl, theThou wouldst not promise to take my hand, and my
daughter of Hester Prynne. Pearl, throughout themother's hand, tomorrow noontide" (Hawthorne 150)!
story, develops into a dynamic symbol - one that isHester's guilt, however, is derived from both
always changing. Although Pearl changes, she alwaysChillingsworth and Dimmesdale. Chillingsworth married
symbolizes evil. Pearl symbolizes evil in the story bya woman who did not love him, which is one of the
representing God's punishment of Hester's sin,causes of Hester's guilt. Dimmesdale causes her guilt
symbolizing the guilt and the scarlet letter thatwhen he sees her suffering alone for the sin that
controls her behavior, and defying Puritan laws bythey both committed. Though they both committed
being cheerful and associating with nature. Pearlthe same sin, only Hester's shines through. Pearl was
represents God's punishment by her mocking andcheerful due to the scarlet letter her mother
nagging of Hester. Throughout the novel shepossessed. When the breastplate at Governor
sometimes seemed to her mother as almost a witchBellingham's Mansion distorts the scarlet "A" into
baby (Matthiessen 104). She is a baffling mixture ofsomething overpowering and horrible, it is Pearl who
strong emotions with a fierce temper and a capacitypoints at it, "smiling at her mother with the elfish
for evil. With Pearl, Hester's life became one ofintelligence that was so familiar an expression on her
constant nagging, and no joy. The child could not besmall physiognomy" (Hawthorne 99). Even as a child,
made amenable to rules. Hester even remarks toPearl is affixed to the letter "and, putting up her little
herself, "Oh Father in heaven - if thou art still myhand, she grasped it, [the letter] smiling, not
father - what is this being which I have brought intodoubtfully, but Piyasena/Pine 4 with a decided gleam"
the world" (Hawthorne 89)? Pearl would harass her(Hawthorne 90).
mother Piyasena/Pine 2 over the scarlet "A" shePearl's tendency to focus on the scarlet letter is fully
wore. In time, Hester was subjected to so muchdeveloped when she mimics her mother by placing a
ridicule from Pearl and others that she was forcedseaweed "A" on her own chest. Much of Pearl's
into seclusion. Pearl represents the sins of bothstrangeness comes from her exceptional quickness
Hester and Dimmesdale. Pearl is said to be the directof mind and the abnormal environment in which she is
consequence of sin (Martin 108). Their sins includereared with only her mother as a companion. As Pearl
lying to the people about the affair that led to Pearl.develops a personality, she becomes symbolic of the
Hester realizes what Pearl represents when she doeskind of passion that accompanied Hester's sin. Hester
not hold Pearl up in front of the "A." She carries thetolerated Pearl's pretentious behavior but could not
child around because it is a direct reflection of her sin.find it in her heart to condemn the child. As Pearl thus
Hester is, "wisely judging that one token of herbecomes so closely associated with the letter "A" on
shame would but poorly serve to hide another"Hester's breast she becomes the embodiment not
(Hawthorne 48).only of Hester's sin but also of her conscience. Nature
Dimmesdale's sin is not adultery but not having theis an amusing hobby for Pearl; therefore one of her
courage to admit that he had adulterated. Thereforefavorite activities is playing with flowers and trees.
his is a "concealed sin." The scarlet letter amusesShe fits in with natural things, "and she was gentler
Pearl, and also controls her behavior. It is noted that,here [the forest] then in the grassy margined streets
Pearl has been described in terms almost exclusivelyof the settlement, or in her mother's cottage" as
of uncontrolled, chaotic passion (MacLean 54).Hawthorne notes in the novel (202). She is so closely
Throughout the novel Pearl is attracted to the "A."affiliated to nature that the creatures of the forest
Even when she is just a baby, "her infant's eyes hadapproach her instead of disperse. "The
been caught by the glimmering of the goldmother-forest, and these wild things which it
embroidery about the letter" (Hawthorne 90). Whennourished, all recognized a kindred wildness in the
Pearl is older and Hester throws the letter on thehuman child" Hawthorne notes as Pearl is on a walk
ground, Pearl yells at her mother until she places thewith her mother (202).
"A" back on her bosom. Hawthorne says that Pearl is,However, the Puritans believed that anything
"the scarlet letter in another form; the scarlet letteraffiliated with the forest was evil; therefore, Pearl
endowed with life," (95) which proves the she is trulydefies their laws by being effervescent and joyful in
the scarlet letter. Throughout the book the "A" is thethe woods. Some of the Puritans even believe her to
sign by which the colonial authority seek to fix thebe a demon offspring. So unusual is her behavior that
crime and the criminal (Ragussis 97), although theshe is often referred to in such terms as "elf child,"
cloth shows the sin so does Pearl. She is a farPiyasena/Pine 5 "imp," and "airy sprite." Pearl is a
stronger device for punishing Hester than Piyasenavirtual shouting match between the Puritanical views
Pine 3 the piece of cloth on Hester's chest. Due toand the Romantic ways. Pearl is a source of many
her influence, Pearl becomes the chief agent to herkinds of symbolism. She is both a rose and indeed
mother's salvation. Hester and Dimmesdale sharethe scarlet letter. If she had not been born, Hester
much guilt because of Pearl. Dimmesdale's guilt is filledwould not have had to wear the letter. Pearl is a
with mental anguish, and serves as a constantburden to Hester; yet Hester loves her. She is also
reminder of his sin. Dimmesdale is a minister [who]her mother's only treasure and her only source of
commits adultery and is driven to public confessionsurvival. Without Pearl, Hester would have lived a
by remorse (Martin 108). He remains silent so that hedifferent life, one without the scarlet letter, one
can continue to do God's work as a minister. It is saidwithout sin, and one without her treasure.
that he was a guilty character [who] finds empathy in